I-capacitor yisitsha esikwazi ukugcina ukushaja kagesi.Yakhiwe ngamashidi amabili ensimbi asondelene ndawonye, ​​ahlukaniswe yi-insulating material.Ngokwezinto ezahlukahlukene zokuvikela, ama-capacitor ahlukahlukene angenziwa.Okufana nalokhu: i-mica, i-porcelain, iphepha, ama-electrolytic capacitors, njll.

Ngokwesakhiwo, ihlukaniswe ngama-capacitor angaguquki nama-variable capacitors.I-capacitor inokumelana okungapheli ku-DC, okungukuthi, i-capacitor inomphumela wokuvimbela we-DC.Ukumelana kwe-capacitor kuya ku-alternating current kuthintwa imvamisa yokushintshana kwamanje, okungukuthi, ama-capacitor omthamo ofanayo aveza ukusabela okuhlukile kwe-capacitive kumaza ashintshanayo amafrikhwensi ahlukene.Kungani lezi zenzakalo zenzeka?Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi i-capacitor incike emsebenzini wayo wokushaja nokukhishwa ukuze isebenze, lapho i-switch power s ingavaliwe.

Lapho inkinobho engu-S ivaliwe, ama-electron amahhala epuleti eliphozithivu le-capacitor akhangwa umthombo wamandla futhi aphushelwe kupuleti eliwunegethivu.Ngenxa yezinto ezivikelayo phakathi kwamapuleti amabili e-capacitor, ama-electron amahhala asuka ku-positive plate anqwabelana epuleti elinegethivu.Ipuleti elihle likhokhiswa kahle ngenxa yokuncipha kwama-electron, futhi ipuleti elingalungile likhokhiswa kabi ngenxa yokwanda kancane kancane kwama-electron.

Kukhona umehluko ongaba khona phakathi kwamapuleti amabili e-capacitor.Uma lo mehluko ongase ube khona ulingana ne-voltage yokunikezela amandla, ukushaja kwe-capacitor kuyama.Uma amandla enqanyuliwe ngalesi sikhathi, i-capacitor isengakwazi ukugcina i-voltage yokushaja.Ku-capacitor eshajiwe, uma sixhuma amapuleti amabili ngocingo, ngenxa yomehluko ongaba khona phakathi kwamapuleti amabili, ama-electron azodlula ocingweni futhi abuyele epuleti eliqondile kuze kube yilapho umehluko ongaba khona phakathi kwamapuleti amabili unguziro.

I-capacitor ibuyela esimweni sayo sokungathathi hlangothi ngaphandle kwenkokhiso, futhi akukho okwamanje entanjeni.Imvamisa ephezulu ye-alternating current esetshenziswa kumacwecwe amabili e-capacitor yandisa inani lokushaja nokukhishwa kwe-capacitor;amandla okushaja nokukhipha nawo ayanda;okusho ukuthi, umphumela ovimbelayo we-capacitor ku-high frequency alternating current uncishisiwe, okungukuthi, ukusabela kwe-capacitive kuncane, futhi ngokuphambene nalokho, ama-Capacitor anokusabela okukhulu kwe-capacitive ku-low-frequency alternating current.Okokushintshana kwamanje kwefrikhwensi efanayo.Umthamo wesiqukathi ube mkhulu, ukusabela okuncane kwe-capacitive, kanye nomthamo omncane, kukhulu ukusabela kwe-capacitive.