Lapho i-current idlula ku-wafer, ama-electron aku-semiconductor yohlobo lwe-N kanye nezimbobo ku-semiconductor yohlobo lwe-P ashayisana ngobudlova futhi aphinde ahlangane kusendlalelo esikhipha ukukhanya ukuze akhiqize ama-photon, akhipha amandla ngendlela yama-photons (okungukuthi. , ukukhanya okubonwa yiwo wonke umuntu).Ama-semiconductors ezinto ezahlukene azokhiqiza imibala ehlukene yokukhanya, njengokukhanya okubomvu, ukukhanya okuluhlaza, ukukhanya okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka nokunye.

Phakathi kwezingqimba ezimbili zama-semiconductors, ama-electron nezimbobo ziyashayisana futhi ziphinde zihlangane futhi zikhiqize ama-photon aluhlaza kungqimba olukhipha ukukhanya.Ingxenye yokukhanya okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka okukhiqiziwe izokhishwa ngokuqondile nge-fluorescent coating;ingxenye esele izoshaya i-fluorescent coating futhi ihlanganyele nayo ukuze ikhiqize ama-photon aphuzi.I-photon eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ne-photon ephuzi kusebenza ndawonye (kuxutshwe) ukuze kukhiqizwe ukukhanya okumhlophe.