Ama-diode akhipha ukukhanya ngokuvamile asetshenziswa izinto ezikhipha ukukhanya ezikhipha amandla ngokuhlanganiswa kabusha kwama-electron nezimbobo ukuze kukhishwe ukukhanya.Zisetshenziswa kabanzi emkhakheni wokukhanyisa.[1] Ama-diode akhipha ukukhanya angaguqula ngempumelelo amandla kagesi abe amandla okukhanya futhi abe nokusetshenziswa okubanzi emphakathini wanamuhla, njengokukhanyisa, izibonisi zamaphaneli ayisicaba, nemishini yezokwelapha.[2]

Lolu hlobo lwezingxenye ze-elekthronikhi lwavela ekuqaleni kuka-1962. Ezinsukwini zokuqala, zazikwazi ukukhipha ukukhanya okubomvu okukhanyayo okuphansi.Kamuva, kwasungulwa ezinye izinguqulo ze-monochromatic.Ukukhanya okungakhishwa namuhla kuye kwasakazekela ekukhanyeni okubonakalayo, ukukhanya kwe-infrared kanye ne-ultraviolet, futhi ukukhanya kuye kwanda kakhulu.Ukukhanya.Ukusetshenziswa kubuye kwasetshenziswa njengezibani zezinkomba, amaphaneli wokubonisa, njll.;ngokuthuthuka okuqhubekayo kobuchwepheshe, ama-diode akhipha ukukhanya asetshenziswe kakhulu ekuboniseni nasekukhanyiseni.

Njengama-diode ajwayelekile, ama-diode akhipha ukukhanya akhiwe ngokuhlangana kwe-PN, futhi ane-conductivity engaqondile.Lapho i-voltage eya phambili isetshenziswa ku-diode ekhipha ukukhanya, izimbobo ezijovwe ukusuka endaweni engu-P kuya endaweni engu-N kanye nama-electron ajovwe ukusuka endaweni engu-N kuya endaweni engu-P ngokulandelanayo axhumene nama-electron asendaweni ye-N kanye ne-voids. endaweni engu-P phakathi kwama-microns ambalwa we-PN junction.Izimbobo ziphinde zihlangane futhi zikhiqize i-fluorescence ekhishwa ngokuzenzakalelayo.Izimo zamandla zama-electron nezimbobo ezintweni ezihlukene ze-semiconductor zihlukile.Lapho ama-electron nezimbobo kuhlangana kabusha, amandla akhishwayo ahluka kancane.Lapho amandla engeziwe ekhishwa, iba mfushane ubude begagasi bokukhanya okukhishwayo.Okuvame ukusetshenziswa ama-diode akhipha ukukhanya okubomvu, okuluhlaza noma okuphuzi.I-voltage ehlehlayo yokuhlehla ye-diode ekhipha ukukhanya inkulu kunama-volts angu-5.Ijika layo lesici se-volt-ampere eya phambili liwumqansa kakhulu, futhi kufanele lisetshenziswe ochungechungeni olunomkhawulo wamanje ukumelana nokulawula amandla amanje nge-diode.

Ingxenye eyinhloko ye-diode ekhipha ukukhanya i-wafer eyakhiwe i-semiconductor yohlobo lwe-P kanye ne-N-type semiconductor.Kukhona ungqimba olushintshayo phakathi kwe-semiconductor yohlobo lwe-P kanye ne-semiconductor yohlobo lwe-N, ebizwa ngokuthi i-PN junction.Ekuhlanganeni kwe-PN kwezinto ezithile ze-semiconductor, lapho abathwali abambalwa abajovwe kanye nabathwali abaningi behlangana kabusha, amandla engeziwe akhululwa ngendlela yokukhanya, ngaleyo ndlela aguqule amandla kagesi ngokuqondile abe amandla okukhanya.Nge-voltage ehlehlayo esetshenziswa ekuhlanganeni kwe-PN, kunzima ukujova abathwali abambalwa, ngakho ayikhiphi ukukhanya.Uma isesimweni esihle sokusebenza (okungukuthi, i-voltage eqondile isetshenziswa kuzo zombili iziphetho), lapho i-current igeleza isuka ku-anode ye-LED iya ku-cathode, i-semiconductor crystal ikhipha ukukhanya kwemibala ehlukene ukusuka ku-ultraviolet kuya ku-infrared.Ukuqina kokukhanya kuhlobene nomsinga.